Tuesday, September 30, 2008

Curlin, Big Brown, And Colonel John





Our lugubrious duo arrives at their tack room on Belmont's backstretch:

MN: That was such a good re-run of Mash last night.

RD: It sure was. That Major Burns and Hot Lips reminds me of us.

MN: Oh, Ricky, do you think so?

RD: I sure do. But, take a look, Honey, Curlin's work schedule.

MN: Oh, that is so slow!

RD: Is there anyway this beats us?

MN: If we give them a 10 length head start, maybe?

RD: Ha, Ha Michelle you're the best! And, did you see that last race?

MN: They just galloped Curlin along till those other nags faded.

RD: Asmussen thinks he's a trainer because he beat Wanderin' Boy.

MN: Ha, ha, ha...Nick Zito, I'm going to roll on the floor laughing. Ha, ha, ha.

RD: Zito without steroids. Just the thought of it. Ha, ha, ha.

MN: Ricky I love you, but I have to observe that as usual you are a fat head.

RD: Huh?

MN: Earth to Ricky. Us without steroids, ha ha ha.

RD: M you do have a point there.

MN: Neverthless, I suggest we just gallop Brownie along side of Curlin...do you get my drift?

RD: M you're so smart. Then we just outfoot him in the stretch.

MN: That's it, piece of cake.

RD: Anything else we have to worry about?

MN: Colonel John.

RD: Oh, Oh. I had yet to think of that.

MN. "You never thought of that". I'm so in shock...


Training:

Sun. 9/28: Off

Mon: 9/29: Art 1.25 miles with about 1 mile gallop. Rod: 1 mile trot.

Tues. 9/30 Art 1.6 miles of which about 1 mile is was gallop. A couple of surges from slow to medium gallop speed. Rod--1 mile trot + 5 min riderless speed work.

Monday, September 29, 2008

Nailing It Down: "How Soon Can We Go?"

How soon can we or should we go? Below, for analysis, a 2008 work schedule from a major trainer. 9/22-28 typifies normal off day work for this horse.

2/28: Race
3/29: Race
6/14 Race
7/12: Race
7/21: :51.5
7/28: 1.03
8/4: 1.03
8/11: 1.14.5
8/18: 1.25
8/25: :49
8/30: Race
9/8: :51.5
9/15: 1.02
9/22 :52
9/23 R
9/24 G
9/25 R
9/26 G
9/28: Race

What sticks out? I have preached, hypothesized, cajoled, urged that the number one requirement for success in horse racing is to keep them going. And, indeed, the above horse has maintained a 2008 schedule sans injury, turnout or other pauses. May we surmise, whatever this horse's natural ability, that each successive work/race improves this horse physically, mentally, and comparatively vis a vis inconsistently training/racing competition?

Can we imagine to Preston Burch a severe dose of culture shock when he is informed by Jess "Its all about the legacy" Jackson that the work tab above belongs to "Horse of the Century" Curlin. Let's take a look:

I'm impressed by the attention to detail as shown by the video even while I might prefer my horse Sunday morning turned out in a paddock instead of wedged in a plane on the way to Santa Anita.

Interestingly Curlin's work provides us a standard of comparison with respect to the questions how soon can we work post race, and how frequently we have to work to obtain race appropriate fracture resistance. Curlin has, after all, raced the entire year. I'll try to put it together next post.

Training:

Thurs. 9/25: Riderless intermittent slow galloping in the mud. Art 10 min. Rod 5 min.

Fri. 9/26: Each horse readjusts to rider weight after 4 days without rider by trotting 1/2 mile. then 10 min. intermittent fairly tough riderless gallop, they're into it, for each horse.

Sat. 9/27: One mile under tack for each horse. Art: trot-gallop, Rod: trot. Then fast riderless work on a drying track. Wanting to avoid overdo with the growth spurting 2 year old, I cut it short after 5 min. Hard work out mostly in :14s.

Sun. 9/28: Off after two consecutive days of tough workouts .

Saturday, September 27, 2008

Thursday, September 25, 2008

Acceptable Bone(Cell) Damage

Bill, note KH comment. I'm unable to paste the thing or make either URL come up, which is why I train horses. I can build a computer but unable to make it work! Pictured, Overdose-Scarborough-My Poppet. Note Nureyev connection, and think Mien! OD is September 2008 Tattersalls Horse of the Month. Cost 2000 guineas at their December 2007 sale. There is hope!

But, on to the big stuff, acceptable bone cell damage, which we avoid confusing with acceptable bone damage, an oxymoron(for my mother--there's no such thing as acceptable bone damage.)

Max cell damage we can tolerate per last post is 14% from Burch's 10 breezes/month. Presume everyone agrees that going to 15%,16% on up we'd avoid. And, as noted by Winston, if we have a 30 day repair process that would be other than a concern as we'd stay at some variation of 14% damage--which is VERY INTERESTING.

However, for myself, I'd doubt that I can accept 14% damage. Seems to me too close to teetering on the edge of a definite fracture line somewhere, and I'm fairly sure I'll look at Burch very carefully in this light. What is acceptable to me? I've given it some thought. I'd doubt I could consider more than 7 or 8% damage.

For anyone that has followed this amazingly closely, how can we do Burch type training at 7 or 8% damage under the theories here? Unable, of course, BUT we can certainly do a variation.

Take this example: We've just raced. We can now breeze every 3 days for the next 12 days and still have only 8% damage. At that time we can back off in any of a number of ways--speed, distance, rest etc. and still stay on track with Burch fairly closely.

MOREOVER, and here is the biggy, if we're afraid of Burch training, can we train our horse as Max Hirsch trained Assault? To clarify again: 1% damage results from :12 sec/f. Assault type workouts in :12.5 to :13 will do very little "cell" damage under these theories, though you'd probably have to read more of this blog than you want to reach that conclusion.

Next post: how soon can we go, then on to how often MUST we go for race appropriate fracture resistance.

More Overdose. Mien is by Nureyev and is the dam of Big Brown. Scarborough, sire of OD is by Soviet Star who is by Nureyev.

Training:
Tues. 9/23 Normal Off.
Wed. 9/24 A 1 inch (unpredicted) rain off.
Thurs. 9/25: discipline flags again, and I'm caught on the phone discussing horses into 6 p.m. Get to the farm too late to ride, but it's just as well. It's still very wet. All we could have done was trot. So, both horses go riderless. It's just dry enough in the paddock. Rod loses a shoe after 3-4 min. Damn. He's out of there. I try to slow down Art due to lack of speed work of late, but he goes pretty hard for the conditions and conditioning for about 10 min. Decent work under the circumstances. Good weather ahead!

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

Cumulative Cannon Bone Damage

Cumulative cannon bone damage will at some point cause a fracture. We'd like to identify this in terms of the "breaking point" and also what each of us training horses might subjectively accept.

Illustrate the point in real time by putting our venerable trainer in front of his horse a day or so post breeze staring at those fragile, possibly still slightly warm cannons and fretting as to what might be the actual state of things. From personal experience I'll volunteer that the degree of concern is geometric if you're also the one scheduled on board next breeze.

For myself, I'd sure like to "know" instead of wild guesswork, that we may safely proceed.

This blog has postulated 1% bone cell damage per breeze cumulative with each cell healing in 30 days. We need to calculate that point were the bone is in trouble, and also that point (in terms of damage) that is acceptable to us.

First, where is the cannon in trouble? This calculation seems fairly straightforward to me. Let's look at Preston Burch as a trainer getting in as many breezes as probably is physically possible. Burch breezes every three days. I'd hate to think of anything more frequent than that over time.

10 breezes in 30 days as noted get us 14% bone cell damage, again noting, in various states of repair. Considering this, 14% has to the max. I think the old time trainers (theoretically--there are some explanations for survival which go outside the parameters of the discussion--these will be covered later) took their horses to the edge. Certainly Burch did this with Bold with some evidence he went over the cliff.

Put another way, I'm unable to imagine going on with a horse where I'd risk 15% or more cell damage. We also have to note here--since we postulate 30 day healing for the cells--that theoretically if Burch can get his horse through the 30 days that the horse would stay at the 14% damage instead of increasing the percent since the cells are healing. I'd avoid that chance.

So, for here 14% damage per Burch training is a threshold upper limit.

Having established that, again take a look at RR Rule #1 for training horses: "Never do anything with a horse unless you are 100% sure you can do it without injuring the horse".

RR Rule #1 postulates "certainty". With our fragile horse, if we want to survive the game, we must be sure of what we are doing.

How do we calculate a point of "certainty" with the animal so that we are 100% that we can go on? Consider this next post.

Training:
Tues. 9/23: After three days work the horses are off. An unpredicted near inch of rain this morn, but straight ahead tonight.

Tuesday, September 23, 2008

Post Race Bone Damage Under The Microscope


Posted the last one accidentally, and strays a bit, but, since what we plan closely relates to post-race condition of our horse, I'll leave that one up. Let's get into a bit of complex analysis that hopefully will permit us to make an educated guess as to what we can do with this horse after the race.

First, few assumptions. We're on a dirt track, and we'd like for PERFORMANCE to breeze as often as possible. In this sense we'll look at a Preston Burch training which also allows us to embark on something lesser if we choose. Burch breezes/races 10 times a month for 6f to 1 mile in :12s. We'd like to do that IF WE CAN GET AWAY WITH IT, and we note that Burch crashed Bold on this program. A bit of tinkering necessary, perhaps?

We'll further assume our horse's cannon post race were he finished 4th has slight heat at 24 hours post race and is stone cold at 36 hours, indicating a cannon in an average/normal state of development-fracture resistance.

We calculate the time to the next work with close analysis of the state of being of that cannon bone post race.

We have 1% bone cell damage but we need to examine this 1% damage.

How many of the 1% have "serious" damage, and how many e.g. lost just a branch or two of their molecular matrix which created "insignificant" damage? I'll take a wild stab at this one:

50% of the 1% of the damaged cells are seriously impaired or destroyed. SO, we have .5% seriously damaged cells post race.

If we have 1% total bone cell damage and .5% serious damage that takes 30 days (see prior posts) to repair "good as new", then in 10 breezes we'll have 10% of all bone cells in various states of repair + the 4% osteo blast/clast tear-down/rebuild mode, for a total of 14% damage end of the month.

14% damage at one time simply is unacceptable and we'd be ground to a halt by the end of the month were that the case. Since 14% is specifically unacceptable, precisely how much (diffuse) damage at the end of the month can we tolerate, next post.

Training:
Mon 9/22: Art gallops 1.6 miles snappy after warm up. Red letter day for Art. 2 years after purchase I consider this our first race prep work. It's also the first gallop two times around our course. First time around had to be stopped for lead changes. Second time around Art makes rough lead changes twice and declines change were we like to change at end of gallop. Nob loves the horse; says he's never been on one were the breathing is better. Rod trotted 1.25 miles.

Monday, September 22, 2008

The Race Is Over, Now What?

The race is over, our horse finished 4th (hey, its in the $$$), and our athlete is walked quickly back to the shedrow to immediately hit the washrack for cooling down, since we'd like as many gut bacteria as possible to live through this experience.

Post-bath we take one turn around the shedrow and then right back to the wash rack for the first 5 min of hosing the cannons. We've done a cursory injury check and all is tight with normal post race cannon bone heat, and luckily we seem to be without coughing. We'll repeat the walk/hose sequence 3 or 4 times, then loligag between walking/hosing/grazing for another 10-15 min till the horse has settled down, and danger of tying up passed. (this is a matter of judgment). The minute tying up danger passes horse goes straight into the ice tub for 20 min up above the knees. We keep him still with a bit of grass hay. Note that we avoid the highly questionable practice of putting a possibly injured horse on the walker.

Cannon bone heat post ice tub is a big test. If per chance the unusual occurs and you get zero heat after exit from the ice then you've got extraordinarily fit cannon bones. Chances are you'll feel heat radiating out from the cannons immediately post icing. Probably then a good idea to ice again 12 hours later. If heat is gone in 12 hours this is very good. But, take note, by 12 hours post race the "radiating type heat" should have passed. If radiating heat is present 12 hours post race we should become concerned and plan for a longer than usual rest period.

Lets assume we have normal instead of radiating heat 12 hours post race. By 24 hours post race we still have slight but much reduced heat. I consider this normal. If I still have heat 36 hours post race again become concerned and will plan for a longer than normal rest period. (I plan to learn how to use my new super duper hand held Tom Ivers infra-red thermography device for additional diagnostics).

Our horse's cannons are cold at 36 hours. We've probably dodged the bullet and are ready to plan the next training event. How do we calculate this?

Farm News:

Running out of time today, and so, will just update training since Friday, and on with it tomorrow.

Fri. 9/19: Off
Sat. 9/20: Two days post heel bulb laceration, Art trots 1 mile. Rod trots 1 mile and gallops riderless one mile.
Sun: 9/21: Rod is now up to the magic 15'3.5" which is big enough to allow Nob to work him after we get to the truck. big stuff. This one, Art gallops 1.25 mile with trot here and there to get leads. Boogie man strikes just as Nob getting on Rod and so a precarious Nob suspend in mid air type 1 mile trot-walk. Then for Rod only, riderless for 1.5 miles snappy, intermittent 2min lick gallop which passes as the first speed work since the hind hoof bruising. Nice work by Rod.

Saturday, September 20, 2008

Conclusions: How Soon Can The Horse Work Again?

Pictured, 1950 Derby winner Middle Ground by Bold Venture and trained by Max Hirsch.

Assault and Max Hirsch pose in the Derby photo as if it were just another day at the office. Indeed I'm supposing it was for Assault whose :12.6 Derby fractions were near identical to much of his training. And there's Hirsch with that gaunt, glazed look and appropriate thinness that comes with training too many horses. See a fat trainer, best to pull your horse.

After much ado in the prior posts think I'm ready to answer the question best it can answered: how soon post race can we safely breeze again?

There are many factors to consider some of which carry over from work to work and others that I call floating variables that will come back to bite you if ignored. Let's take a look.

1. We assume 1% bone cell damage per breeze with 30 days needed to repair, and take into account cumulative effect breeze to breeze.
2. We consider the state of training and our belief as to the thickness, density and strength of the the bone. Stronger bone can safely carry more damage.
3. We consider the speed and intensity of the work, any unusual strain such as lead change failures or stumbles.
4. We consider the post work state of being of the bone by our injury checks, heat, how quickly heat dissipates. Obviously a fresh horse post race will have put in less effort proportionately than a tired one.
5. Track surface--how hard was it on race day. We might give greater allowance to a soft track.
6. Rider weight, rider skill. Skilled riders will be easier on your horse--they stay over center of gravity and go with the horse's motion instead of against it.
7. Probably 10 more I'm failing to think of at the moment.

The key to the above is the 1% bone cell damage. After considering the other factors we decide whether we might have more or less than 1% damage, and, of course we decide whether the damage is diffuse or concentrated in an area. Concentration would cause us greater concern.

Hypothetically, let's assume for our work 1% damage. If so, we know from Preston Burch and Max Hirsch that we can go again in three days--don't have to, but "can". If we decide to breeze again 3rd day post race and every three days thereafter per Burch training, I'd think we definitely need to calculate what our damage is going to be long term. The question, and let's call this the ESSENTIAL QUESTION, is how to space breezes safely long term, and please note that for performance we'll want to breeze as much as possible. Continue next post.

Training:
Fri: 9/19: Last part of Sept. and txs. to weather we're nowhere again. Art's heel bulb laceration looks like a two day deal, so we took Friday off. Start again tonight. On a brighter note I've figured out how to make a living traveling with the horses. That's big, and will cover it at some point.

Friday, September 19, 2008

More on Assault's Survivability

Assault perhaps raced and worked too slowly for concerns on cumulative bone cell damage, whereas it's plausible that Bold worked too fast too often. Bold was a runaway, very fast and hard to restrain in his work. Here is a sample of Preston Burch's comments sprinkled throughout Bold's log:

3/5/51: 5 furlongs, reverse way of mile track at Aiken. 11 4/5, :22 4/5, :34 3/5, :47 4/5, 1:01 2/5. Tired badly. It was intended that he work in 1:03, but the boy couldn't hold him during the first part of the work.

Was Burch concerned that Bold tired OR was the concern "injury"? May we think that Burch, being unaware of this blog, had that intuitive sense which is the hypothesis here that with Bold he was on the edge of injury working every 3 days in :12s? Note Bold's fractions above!

All speculation of course, that Burch sensed what this blog has attempted to establish--that with 10 breezes a month you'll have a horse with 10% damage to his bone cells with each cell in various states of repair. Note that this is thus less than 10% total damage. That 1% damaged in the very first breeze will be almost good as new by breeze #10, and so "10% damage" overstates the actual situation.

Max Hirsch solved Burch's worries by taking Assault at a slower pace. I merely want to acknowledge this instead of making too big a point of it, though I'll come back to "speed" in making the final conclusions. For now, I also want to take note of other factors that may be in play as to Assault's survivability:

1. The Hard Body Training effect: You Tube shows the Karate Masters beating their knuckles and shins with hammers to strengthen their bones. Something they've figured out over the eons of their sport. May we think that Assault and Bold breezing every 3 days since they were late yearlings eventually develop their bones so that there might be less than 1% damage per work?

2. Accumulated damage in thick,dense bones leaves more structure to hold things together than identical percent damage in thin, porous untrained bones.Big Brown's bone structure with far less work would be significantly less advanced than Bold and Assault.

3. Frequently trained horses carry less weight: and, of course, thus do less damage.

Training:
Thurs. 9/18: Excitement that we're finally galloping in good weather short lived tonight. Picking Art's feet pre-gallop reveals a heel bulb laceration, right hind, unbelievable. Probably a 1 or two day thing as the thing is still attached instead of being an open flap. We'll see, as it looks fairly severe. So, after 4 days work Art is off. Rod 1 mile trot under saddle and 1 mile riderless medium gallop.

Thursday, September 18, 2008

An Explanation For Injury Avoidance With Assault

"Old men forget, and it shall be forgot, but they'll remember with advantages what feats they did that day". --Mr. S

Is it really possible the regally bred, for his time, Assault made it all the way around Churchill with that white patch pasted to his left front tendon? What's with the patch and how it stayed on presumably went with Max Hirsch to his grave.

Can you win a race with a slow horse? Can you win the TC with a slow horse? Can you breeze a horse ten thousand times in one year and go on to race two more years? The relatively slow Assault and Max Hirsch left for us a lot of interesting questions.

In coming posts on PERFORMANCE I'll get back to Assault, his splits and fractions. But these have also significance for injury avoidance and fracture resistance. One more brief look at Assault's workouts. A little long, BUT take note of the times!

4/20/46: 2d in the Wood Memorial, 1/16 mile in 1:46.3
4/23: 3f in :39
4/27: 8f in 1:42
4/30: 4th in Derby Trial, 1 mile in 1:40.1 Assault probably repeated his 1:42
4/3: 4f in :48
4/4: Won KY Derby in 2:06.3 (so far we have 6 workouts in 14 days. Wow!)
4/8: 3f no time given--looks like a :40
4/9: 8f in 1:45
4/11 Won Preakness
4/16 4f in :52
4/18: 3f in :40
5/20: 4f in :48
5/22: 8f in 1:43.3
5/24: 3f in :35
5/25: 10f in 2:05
5/28: 4f in :50
5/29: 1.5 miles in 2:32
6/1: Won Belmont in 2:30.4
6/5: 4f in :52
6/7: 4f in :51
6/9: 8f in 1:43
6/11: 3f in :36
6/13: 8f in 1:43
6/15: won Dwyer 1 1/4 miles in 2:06.4
6/18: 3f in :40
6/20: 4f in :51
6/24: 4f in :48
6/29: 3f in :39
6/30: 4f in :50
7/3: 3f in :37
7/7 6f in 1:19 slow time
7/9: 8f in 1:45.2
7/12 8f in 1:47.

The above indicate that Assault even in his races rarely goes faster than :12.5/f. The Derby went in :12.6/f, the Belmont in :12.5/f and certainly most of the workouts are in the neighborhood of :12.8-:13/f.

And, this horse won the Triple Crown with these sorts of fractions. How? They called Secretariat a machine. Take a look at the Derby tape of Assault and notice the machine like steadiness of the horse in the stretch.
http://ratherrapid.blogspot.com/2008/09/1946-derby-assault-and-max-hirsch.html
Assault is able, whatever the fractions, to run full tilt to the wire. Such was the training of Assault.

The fractions also possibly help explain how Assault was able to survive his training.

I roughly averaged the training/racing fractions of Preakness winner Bold and Assault for all workouts/races posted in Preston Burch's book. Bold averaged :12.2/f. Assault :12.8. Assault breezed significant distance almost every other day in Belmont month and made it through the year. Bold never made it to the Belmont.

We want to avoid, of course, taking too much out of a two rat experiment. It is however very relevant to note that my hypothesis of 1% bone cell damage per work is postulated on :12 second furlongs. To highlight this further, somewhere in the blog I took a close look at different speeds and tried to identify exactly at what speed bone remodeling begins. In that analysis I noted a big difference in stride in terms of concussive effect between :13/f and :12/f. I'd decided that concussion is sufficient for race specific bone remodeling only if the horse is doing at least :12.5/f.

Since Assault even in his races rarely averages faster than :12.5/f, and one of the key assumptions of the 1% bone cell damage is that the horse travels in :12s, we might assume de minimus and certainly less than 1% bone cell damage resulting from the work of Assault.

Training:
Fri. 9/12: Off. 4 inches of rain.
Sat. 9/13: Off. Wet ground
Sun. 9/14: Art trotted 1 mile under tack on squishy ground. Rod for his first work in 10 days due to bruised hinds was bellied.
Mon. 9/15: Tack work: Art trotted 1 mile with a few strides of gallop at hilltops where the wet ground permitted. Rod walked about 1/2 mile.
Tues. 9/16: Art trotted 1 mile with a little gallop here and there. Ground still way too wet. Rod walk-trot 1/2 mile. Hinds seem to be ok.
Wed. 9/17: Mark it down, first time Art gallops all the way around the course. .8 mile gallop, trot-walk, then 1/4 mile gallop. Rod trots 1/2 mile then gallops riderless 1 mile.

Wednesday, September 17, 2008

How Assault Affects The Hypothesis




1946 Derby winner Assault, pictured, with a striking similarity in his appearance to what I have in my back yard. Have they really become more fragile? Left click to enlarge to evaluate the appearance of a conditioned horse

This summarizes the nice story of Assault.
http://www.spiletta.com/UTHOF/assault.html

Assault was finally retired at age 5 when he became a bleeder. The handling of Assault poses questions as to my hypothesis of the last several posts. Assault, unlike Preston Burch's Bold, did survive an amazing workout schedule through the entire racing year of 1946. Thus, in terms of injury prevention, what knowledge can we gain by looking at Assault?

The basic hypothesis of the prior posts:
1. Each breeze/race damages to varying degrees 1% of cannon bone cells.
2. It takes up to 30 days to repair the damaged cell, depending on amount of damage.
3. We are thus concerned with cumulative effect of damaging 1% of cells each work.

The assumptions:
1. Conditioned bone. (Bone unconditioned for the event will be covered later.)
2. Racing speed of :12/f.
3. 120-130 lbs on the horse.

(work interferes. i'll finish this one later.)

Saturday, September 13, 2008

1946 Derby: Assault And Max Hirsch

Friday, September 12, 2008

Assault

Without preconceive notions, let's look at the workouts of 1946 KY Derby winner Assault(Bold Venture - Igual, by Equipoise), trained by Max Hirsch, a friend and contemporary of Preston Burch.

4/20/46: 2d in the Wood Memorial, 1/16 mile in 1:46.3
4/23: 3f in :39
4/27: 8f in 1:42
4/30: 4th in Derby Trial, 1 mile in 1:40.1 Assault probably repeated his 1:42
4/3: 4f in :48
4/4: Won KY Derby in 2:06.3 (so far we have 6 workouts in 14 days. Wow!)
4/8: 3f no time given--looks like a :40
4/9: 8f in 1:45
4/11 Won Preakness
4/16 4f in :52
4/18: 3f in :40
5/20: 4f in :48
(this is 12 workouts, 75 furlongs, in 30 days which includes 3 races).

Last post same approximate time frame in '51 Bold had also done 12 breezes in 30 days, 68 furlongs. Bold's works were generally several ticks faster.

Can Assault keep it up?

Next 30 days for Assault:
5/22: 8f in 1:43.3
5/24: 3f in :35
5/25: 10f in 2:05
5/28: 4f in :50
5/29: 1.5 miles in 2:32
6/1: Won Belmont in 2:30.4

This is 14 works in 30 days, 92 furlongs. There is an increase in total number of furlongs since the last 30 days.

Can Assault keep it up? Trouble is brewing. First they reduce the workout distances:
6/24: 4f in :48
6/29: 3f in :39
6/30: 4f in :50
7/3: 3f in :37
7/7 6f in 1:19 slow time
7/9: 8f in 1:45.2
7/12 8f in 1:47.
here the workout schedules is not kept till August. Assault races on 7/27 and is off on right hind. But the same schedule begins in August. Though they seems to slow most workout times thereafter to 13 second furlongs, Assault keeps up the same frequency to 11/9/46 when he's shipped to Columbia, SC for the winter.

This is truly amazing, and puts into question a lot I'd concluded. The following video provides an explanation:

x
Training:
Fri: 9/13: Rain started at 5 am. 5 pm, its still raining. Nice warm up for Ike, which is headed this way. The horses are off.

Damage Repair And Preakness Winner Bold

At last, the nitty gritty:
1. 1% of bone cells damaged per breeze/race added to the 4% under construction.
2. 30 days to repair each damaged cell.

Again, the concern, instead of the 1% (which is very small KH--essentially I agreed with the professor), is cumulative effect over the 30 day period: 1% +1% +1% and so on.

In this sense let's roll back the clock to April 1951 and take a look at 30 days of works for 1951 Preakness winner Bold, trained by Preston Burch:
4/21: 4f in :49
4/24: 6f in 1:13
4/27: 3f in 36.1
4/30: 2f in :24 sloppy track
5/1 (next day) 8f in 1:40 2/5
5/4 6f in 1:12
5/8 4f in :47.3
5/9 (next day) Raced 1 1/16 mile in 1:45 (won by 12 lengths)
5/13 3f in :35 (4f in 49.1)
5/14 (next day) raced 1/16 mile in 1:44 (beaten by a neck--bad ride complains Burch)
5/15 shoes pulled. sore feet. (hmmm.)
5/18 4f in 47.4
5/19 (next day) Won Preakness.

12 breeze/race in 28 days. Hard to believe. But, now we have some perspective. Is Burch, based on these last posts, possibly, vis a vis the training of Bold, playing with fire? Indeed, after 5/19/51 there would be neither a Belmont or a "next 30 days" for Bold. Here are Burch's comments:

"After the Preakness, Bold was returned to Belmont Park. He ran out in a prep race for the Belmont Stakes and was found to be suffering from a sore shin and sore splint." In the summer of 1952 when he was nearly ready to return to racing, Bold was killed by lightning while in a paddock at the farm".

They turned him out after the next race. Wise move we'd think as the jock getting on next, had he read this blog, might be getting a little nervous. For confirmation, next post I'll look at similar prep for 1946 KY Derby winner Assault.

Training:
Wed. 9/10: Art gallops quick riderless for 10 min. Rod off with sore hind feet.
Thurs. 9/11 I walk out of the office at 5pm to water puddles from afternoon rains. I'm about to call it off, but then there's Bill O'Gorman who observed you might wanna train today because tomorrow could be worse. Since Art was only scheduled to trot today due to yesterday's fast work, I proceeded. The rain stopped by the time I arrived, and Art was trotted under tack 1.5 miles on soft ground stopping for occasional walks. Rod looks better with his morning dose of Bute. I'm suspecting now bruises on the hinds instead of abscess. Abscesses cause limping, and the horse is walking freely this afternoon. Good news (I think.). Hurricane Ike on the way, and we can hardly wait.

Thursday, September 11, 2008

Damage To "Good As New"

The saga of our single damaged bone cell continues.

Immediately post breeze the fractured cell sits tightly encased in its own bone glue proteins. Fluids from various sources will contain materials that begin the process of mineralization/crystallization that proceeds with the formation of molecular bonds as the materials and catalysts arrive on the scene.

How long to "good as new"?

Since human research hardly seems concerned with a day to day progress of report of the healing bone cell I've yet to find any precise information. We again do guess work, but there's enough info available that I believe we can just about peg this.

1. Soft tissue repair takes two weeks. We may imagine "bond formation", forking, and knitting BUT without the subsequent crystallization. You'd suppose soft tissue repair takes less time than bone mineralization as soft tissue, after it knits together has finished.
2. Simple fractures, cracked ribs and the like take 6 weeks to 3 months in most cases for complete healing. What does this tell us about repair of the simple fractured cell?

First, consider this interesting video: ( this takes a bit to load, but is worth the wait!)


For a full fracture as opposed to single cell repair there is much to be done before we ever get to bone cell mineralization.

So, let's put two and two together. It has to take 30 days to complete the clotting, callous formation and new cell process(involved in full fracture repair). Mineralization of the newly laid down bone(after callous formation has completed) then takes approximately 30 days more. A more serious fracture would extend this time frame.

30 days from beginning of mineralization to end for a single cell is exactly what I'd guess even without the above analysis. Bone has simply got to take more time than soft tissue, and 30 days is also a pretty good guess.

Thus, there you have it. 30 days for bone cell repair. The significance next post.

Training:
Wed. 9/10: That we were able to train was the good news. That we have a projected 5-7 inches of rain coming in the next 5 days is the bad. Hurricane Ike starts in the East Atlantic and ends up over us. Who'd have thunk? Needless to say the RR blood pressure continues to rise over this weather. This is just nuts.
Art was ok by last night. It was already dripping rain on my way to the farm, and so we opted for a rigorous riderless workout given the coming rain. Went about 10 min in drying mud decently fast. This is a very game horse, and there were some spurts as the conditions allowed. Decided he did to much too also engage in tack work.
Rod: the mystery of failing to extend gallops per last post is solved. Looks like the horse has either abscesses or bruises on both hinds. This is a relief because the problem is other than shoulder, and just crazy as the rain is coming in. I'm hoping its just bruising from hard gallops in the mud and a little bute will clear it up. If it's a double abscess we're probably talking two weeks in this weather, assuming I can locate the dam things.

Wednesday, September 10, 2008

Bone Cell Repair: How Long Does It Take


Bone cell repair is both an interesting (as you will see in the next posts), and crucial question for our horses. The more I read and look at this the more I'm certain there is a small amount of insignificant damage in (trained) bone with each hard gallop. To determine how soon we can safely go on requires an understanding of the process of repair.

There is of course a science to this that covers chapters which fortunately can be summarized for the basics.

We know that bone contains blood vessels and lymphatic channels that transport molecular nutrients and carry away waste products. Additionally the bone collagen cells also secrete materials directly at the damage site. Finally, in the event of larger damage, specialized bone cells arrive that aid in reconstruction.

The materials and nutrients involved are pretty much what you'd think: calcium, minerals, proteins, various catalysts, ionic activity with protons and electrons at the atomic level involved in constructing mineral lattice and so on.

How does it all work? If we have a single bone cell (and note the misnomer "bone cell" since each cell closely connects to the next to be almost indistinguishable), that e.g. has it's matrix 50% crushed, what we may imagine occurs forthwith is tight encasement of the damaged section of the single cell matrix by bone glue proteins. My thinking is that the pressure created in the gallop will squeeze and move the proteins into any microscopic vacuum created by a crushed matrix. Were the space left by the damage large enough we'd initially get fluid that would later congeal. BUT, I'm thinking in trained bone WE MERELY GET A SHIFT OF BONE GLUE PROTEINS ENCASING THE DAMAGE.

The end result post breeze will thus be numerous diffuse microscopic "spots" at the damage sites throughout the bone consisting of the remnants of the damaged matrix encased in sticky proteins with their microscopic bonds having the following (hypothesised) relative strength:

1. Undamaged matrix cell strength = 10 (rating).
2. Damaged matrix cell without being encased by bone proteins = 5 rating.
3. Damaged matrix cell encased by bone proteins = 7.5 rating.

Thus, what's necessary post breeze is that the damaged encased cell remineralize. Remineralization, by all info, is quick. I'll try to break this down next post.

Training:
Tues. 9/9: Only the frogs are happy at the farm. They're enjoying all the nice rain puddles. Arrived last night intending tack work, but there's Art limping on a sprung shoe, left rear. Shoe replaced, still limping, so Art rests. Looked like a one day thing, bruise from the springing of the shoe, and indeed Art was fine this morning 9/10. Too dark, by the time we replaced shoe,for tack work with Rod, and so he galloped hard riderless in the mud for 10 min. Something also is unwell with Rod as for last two workouts he's refusing to extend his gallop on the leftlead but is fine galloping on the right lead. We're without outward injury signs so I'm thinking hoof and am (very) worried about shoulder. Could also be a pulled muscle. I'll have to figure out this one later.

Monday, September 08, 2008

Bone Cell Repair

After acknowledging cellular fracture mechanics Rooney declined further study. How far Rooney got with fractures is indicated in the link below, which serves at this point as an interesting historical reference:

http://www.horseshoes.com/farrierssites/sites/rooney/fracturesoflongbones/fracturesoflongbones.htm

While we want to avoid serious fracture as considered in Rooney's article, day to day we're more consistently interested in how soon we can go again given whatever damage was done. This post will consider the repair process in damaged bone cells and speed of repair.

Last post on this I surmised, hypothesized, wildly speculated (concluded) that:
1. In a 240 stride race there is some minimal bone cell damage.
2. That this damage involves but 1%(or less) of the cannon bone cells.
3. That since 4% of bone cells at anyone time are in process of construction or destruction, an additional 1% damage seems insignificant.
4. BUT, that there is the concern of accumulated damage from multiple breezing events e.g. 1%+1%+1% etc. unless there is repair!

Consider what happens when Preston Burch breezes Preakness winner Bold 10 times per month sans any process of repairing damaged bone cells. At the end of the month Bold would have 14% of his cannon bone cells fractured. (10% + the 4% undergoing normal reconstruction).

That 14% damage obviously fails to occur is one reason for my calculation of 1% damage or less per race. The 1% figure will be further substantiated as the analysis proceeds.

There has to be a fairly rapid bone cell repair process since were it otherwise, the horse Bold would be in grave danger for breeze #11.

What thus is the process of repair for a single bone cell and how quickly does complete repair take place?

Google reveal nothing on this, so engage in some speculation and put together some info that we know. We know, e.g. that simple soft tissue lacerations generally take about two weeks for complete healing. Horse gets a simple deep cut, it's mostly healed within two weeks.

Can the rate of healing/repair be any different for bone cells?

Here are reasons why bone cells might repair slower than soft tissue:
1. There is far less immediate circulation in the form of capillaries near our damaged bone cell than with soft tissue, and hence less piping to transfer repair materials.

Here are reasons why bone cells might actually repair faster than soft tissue:
1. Unlike soft tissue, bone cells have an existing matrix around which repair materials may congeal.

Thus, may we conclude that though bone cell repair is hindered by lack of immediate capillary circulation, it is greatly aided because the repair materials (which will be secreted by the local collagen cells) will immediately commence congealing around the existing lattice.

Do we then have a hardened, good as new, bone cell within two weeks after damage? I'm still thinking about that one.

Training:
A brief August rain respite after the wettest KC July in history has turned into an early September deluge. The 3 inches of rain we received from the 3rd to the 5th was topped off by 3.1 meteorological inches this morning, and it drizzled all day Saturday the 8th for good measure. We got enough rain this morning to put us out of the galloping business for the week absent unusual drying. There's little to be done but proceed with plans to get to the race track as quickly as possible, a dry one preferably. Here's what our training looked like since some decent galloping after the early August tendon injury:
Tues. 9/3--normal off day.
Wed. Off rain.
Thurs. Off rain.
Fri. Off--could have gone but farm still a complete mess.
Sat. Art 1 mile trot under tack. Both horses 10 min riderless slow in the mud.
Sun: Art. 1 mile trot with some galloping where we could under tack, both horses a fairly fast intense 10 min. riderless in the mud.
Mon. 3.1 more inches. Off.

Sunday, September 07, 2008

R.I.P. James Rooney

http://www.horseshoes.com/farrierssites/sites/rooney/index.htm

What can one man do to move equine science forward? This fellow tried. He had his own stubborn ways, but it seems to have been a lifetime of effort. Early on I read Rooney's book and looked at several of his tapes. In the early 2000s Rooney was a regular contributor to the forums at www.horseshoes.com, and I had several direct conversations with him there.

If I read correctly Rooney was removed from his position at Gluck and U of KY Vet. school because he wanted those places to become more research focused on horse racing as opposed to emphasizing vet procedures as favored by the powers that be.

Rooney was 81 and died of cancer.

Friday, September 05, 2008

Politics And Horses


"To this I hold with devout insistence,
wisdom's last verdict goes to say..."
-goethe

Voting for McCain? Think I'd prefer the booger pictured below. T.J. Smith won the Australian training title primarily at Randwick 33 years in a row, 1952 to 1985.

Winston posted the perplexing question of why the heck, if hard training is so great, do all these folks at the racetrack do anything but. Visualizing his question--Colonel John is doing 5f at 1:12 every six days. Big Brown is powderpuffing :13s, If you want to beat modern trainers, and per Preston Burch you breeze every three days in :12s from 6f to 8f, what's up with no one trying that???

Preface by noting that most of this blog to date has dealt with injury avoidance. I have yet to come to the question of:

PERFORMANCE

That's next here after finishing with injuries. I plan to take a look at T.J. Smith and his training as documented in Ross Staaden's book "Winning Trainers". Will take a look again at Sea Biscuit, Wittingham, Bobby Frankel, Dutrow, and, Preston Burch, and Ivers, of course.

The question will be how do we maximize performance, what training do we need for the fastest speed over distance? After this is discussed in detail, maybe there'll be a better answer here for Winston's question.

However, please note the place of "injury avoidance" in performance. I've had a theory almost since I started that the real key to winning races is to keep 'em running. If we then can figure out how to keep them out there, keep 'em racing race after race Sea Biscuit style, maybe then we can ALSO hone in our little $5000.00 claimer to run down Colonel John. Is this even possible? If so, watch your back, Eion Harty.

T.J. Smith holds the umbrella.
Training:
Tues. 9/2 was Off due to the (beginning of) the Gustav rains. It rained continuously, never stopped, from Tues. aft. to Thurs. Morning. It's been more than 24 hours now since the rain stopped and the parking lot downtown KC is still wet. One day here it was summer, next day fall. Low 60s and cloudy, farm is in a quagmire, track closed sign is up again. Wed and Thurs. were off. Tonight I'll trot 'em in the mud under tack, something--the mud-- I truly despise.

Wednesday, September 03, 2008

Brief Seguay To Training Protocols




The question has come up, why are all the races these days won by such as the fellow on the lower right or the 2008 Saratoga training title won by Kiaran "Krispy Creme" McGlaughlin. If hard training works where are the present day versions of Preston Burch, Sunny Jim, Max Hirsch, or the training progeny of Tom Ivers?

Please consider this analysis strictly my own, and very short version of what basically is the subject of the blog.

Thanks to Richard Dutrow can we first observe possibly the last 30 years of racing maybe has been besmirched by steroids. Did Lukas bring his needle with him from the quarter horse barns? Do the 'roids perhaps explain where the conception that "less training is as good as more" might have come from? Unknown. Maybe someday racing will investigate and place an asterik by some of the past performances.

But, for this analysis, let's ignore the steroid question, and look specifically Winston's question of a couple of posts ago. Allegedly Vladimir Cerrin removed a horse from hard training and Papa Chuillo started winning on a softer protocol.

I'll begin this by noting that I am without any doubt whatsoever that everything else being equal, that anyone that would attempt Preston Burch training and actually would get their horse to the races would literally blow away anything put out there, steroids or no. Can I make it any clearer as to the degree of my certainty? If you can say Burch, T.J. Smith of Australia (33 training titles in a row), Bill O'Gorman in Britain and their similar methods, I believe nothing you see out there today would hold up against those styles of training.

The last real conditioner that I'm familiar with was Charlie Whittingham. I'm unsure after reading Hovdey's book exactly what Whittingham did (it was far less than T.J. Smith), but Whittingham was the hardest trainer going after 1980 and his successes speak for themselves.

The closest successor we have to Whittingham (I believe) is Bobby Frankel. I also believe training at the upper levels the last few years has intensified in part because all of these top trainers have tired of Frankel shipping in and whipping their buts on a regular basis. As its prone to do, training has intensified the last few years in response to competition. Though we're without Preston Burchs right now, the horses receiving the most works and intelligent training are winning--see Street Sense, Curlin etc., and my documentation of this year's Derby training on the blog.

As to Tom Ivers, just briefly for review, Ivers training lasts 9 months in 3 month cycles of 1. slow galloping to 6 miles, 2. 3 x 1 mile intervals to 2 min. speed, and 3. 3 x 6f breezes to 1:12. All this proceeds in sequences of 4 days as follows G, G, Breeze, R. Ivers believed you could do speed work safely every 4 days and that the 4 day interval for breezing was the ideal point of maxium acquisition for the horse. I believe he's right on that, though, once the horse started racing, I could never figure out what to do between the fast works.

The blog notes I've put the same horse through this twice and interval trained several others thought that was incomplete. I'm quite familiar. Bill O'Gorman in his book notes that Interval Training is impractical at the race track. Winston snurfed this out in his comments. If you have a large stable you'd have to have tremendous resources to pull this off both in terms of money, rider availability, and, good lord, when you finish breezing them 3 times in one day they go in the ice tub for 20 min. You'd need an army of grooms.

But, what about small stables? Preface by noting that you'll have a very fit, sound animal after going through Ivers. I've documented the exploits of my Jeckimba Bay on the blog. The finished product is a pleasure to race and train.

But, several problems with Ivers. Each protocol took me 15 months. Stuff happens and Iver's 9 months quickly drags on. Secondly: had Ivers read Preston Burch before he began, I'd doubt he'd have invented his own program. If you spend 15 months just breezing every 3 days instead of going through Ivers I'm almost unable to imagine how good your horse would get. What I finally concluded about Ivers was that it's unnecessary.

But there were also problems. In each 3 month stage of you only finally get to the fast work the last couple of weeks. I.e. in the 3 month breezing cycle you only get to the :12 second furlongs the last two weeks. You've thus spent 9 month or 15 month with only the last 2 weeks of it race speed specific. In practice this simply makes no sense, and probably Ivers recognized that later.

Interestingly Ivers did attempt to interval train by his program his own horse at a farm in Indiana in the late '80s. The scuttlebutt was that he injured the horse.

So, I conclude that it's incorrect to say that the "best" trained horses are failing to win the races. If you know the PPs, I'd suspect most races the best trained horses are right in there. I also believe sans steroids these trainers will be ripe for the picking. We'll see.

Training: 9/2 after several days of training we're off as the Gustav rains descend.

Tuesday, September 02, 2008

Microfracture: How Big A Threat?

There's enough information available that what follows is hypothesis instead of wild conjecture.

The illustration at left depicts a theoretical mineral lattice of a single bone cell at the atomic level. During the course of the breeze this structure will undergo tremendous pressure on a repeated basis albeit max force applies only for an instance. If you doubt the degree of force take a run down your sidewalk at 10 mph, concentrate on the force in your tibia which you'll by feel realize is quite significant with every stride, and multiply that by about 10 to understand what's happening in a similar sized cannon bone in your horse.

It's reasonable to suppose that in any one breeze/race of 240 strides or hits that a particular branch of the above matrix might fracture, that there might be a sequence of breaks, or the whole thing might be crushed. The concern this provides us, though, must be placed in context.

1. We are talking about a bone cell in mid cannon midway through the bone. Cells at the condylar aspect or in a state of new development at the bone surface require different analysis.
2. We have "conditioned" bone--i.e. we've gradually and carefully brought our horse and its bone structure up to this point.
3. "conditioned bone" postulates a matrix and collagen tightly packed with bone glue proteins and also with cells strongly buttressed against each other. That a single matrix branch or even an entire cell might be crushed here or there is less significant in this environment.
4. Absent unusual force (compared to normal forces) any fracturing is likely to be diffuse (see last post) instead of concentrated in a single area--i.e. post breeze we have fractured branches or cells spread randomly throughout the bone instead of in a pattern in a particular area.

Thus, I'm supposing post breeze that throughout the cannon bone there may be fractured matrix branches or crushed cells, but that these are scattered and diffuse.

What percentage of total bone cells might be totally or partially fractured? I'd doubt a lot in conditioned bone. Absent unusual force during the breeze, I'm thinking maybe 1% of total bone cells suffer damage. How do I justify this 1% figure. The best circumstantial evidence that the damage is at 1% or less is that our conditioned horses by and large avoid fractures. In conditioned horses the structure holds up indicating the damage is probably restricted to 1% of cells or less.

How significant is 1% destruction per breeze? We know that at any one moment in the every day life of bone that 4% of all bone cells are under construction, either being torn down or rebuilt by the osteo blasts and clasts. Adding another 1% seems fairly insignificant in this context.

There are concerns though, even with the 1%. How long does it take to repair the fractures? If we do 10 breezes a month do we then have 10-15% of the bone in jeopardy etc. Continue next post.

Training:
Sat. 8/30: Art 1.75 miles tack includes 1 mile gallop. Rod: 1 mile tack, trot-walk, and 2 miles slow gallop riderless.
Sun. 8/31 Art: tack: 4 x 2f gallop. Rod: tack 1 mile trot.
Mon. 9/1: Art: tack 4x 2f gallop. Rod: tack 1 mile trot. Both horses then did riderless speed work in near dark conditions. It was pretty ragged as the (damned) 2 year old kept hiding and we were unable to find him in the dark. But, got in some speed stuff. Art refused all lead changes today, and Rod is back to throwing his head. Progress I'm supposing, but in the wrong direction.

Monday, September 01, 2008

Microfracture

And so, in "appropriately conditioned bone" (an important distinction) during the breeze while there may be microscopic movement and rearrangement, the end result is bone material primarily unchanged due to its nature and composition.

I questioned this hypothesis, particularly in terms of movement of bone material. Bone seems like really hard stuff. Press in on your own tibia to get my meaning. It's other than rock but its a lot harder than what we'd describe as a semi-solid such as slightly heated plastic. In describing the feel of our tibia, if we use the range between semi-solid in various stages of hardening to a solid like perhaps a diamond, certainly the "hardness" of the bone is somewhere just short of being rock like solid i.e. hard enough that you'd question the concepts of microscopic movement and rearrangement.

And, in this regard it seems the obvious hardness and strength of the near rock hard tibia would withstand the normal forces of a "stride" without microscopic movement of material. HOWEVER when we take our thinking to what happens during the breeze, i.e. 240 strides--as you feel your tibia imagine what happens to the material if you hit it against a brick wall 240 times!. With the idea of repetition of pressure the concept of microscopic movement of material seems fairly easy to visualize even in material as hard as our tibias.

The next question would then be whether during the breeze 100% of this material "reforms" to its original composition, or whether in certain places the material breaks down.
During multiple strides while most of the material would rearrange to the original, would any portions of the lattice, collagen or bone glue be crushed or broken? E.g. at microscopic level would maybe just one supporting section of lattice fracture?

Follow this process in the illustration above from A to F. "A" shows a connected lattic that is gradually undone as you proceed to "B","C" and on. In our bone cell we may think of the possiblity of rupture at any of these stages post breeze.

A microscopic enlargement of an actual bone micro fracture sequence appears below:

We know we're heading for trouble with a "Micro crack" (center illustration), and notice the change in color! But I'm thinking much more relevant is the illustration on the right showing "Diffuse Damage". Continue next post.

Training:
Sat. 8/30: An evening of firsts: Rod for the first time trot-walks all the way around the course. Mostly walk as Rod was balking and inexplicable still throwing his head from the bit, which is one of those expensive Herm Sprenger $125.00 mouth friendly jobs. Rod then galloped riderless slow for 2 miles. Art for the first time went around the course twice 1.75 miles. About a mile of this gallop. Never changed a lead and Nob kept having to bring him to a trot and back track to get the correct lead. Discouraging night--no leads from Art and Rod still throwing his head all over the place even after wolf tooth extraction, but, good news ahead, read on.
Sun. 8/31: Art goes to lead change school. Got to get this down before we develop into an Alydar. Art was galloped over a 2.5f section with a sharp 1/2f curve in an effort to get lead changes. He went 4 times back and forth for about a 1 mile gallop total and was brought to trot-walk with each turn around. Voila, the horse changed leads every time, left to right, and right to left. It was hardly on cue, and he has yet to associate the rein work with the lead change, but, this is coming. With Rod we tried a different bit, and the head throwing largely disappeared. Rod trotted one mile under tack. So, we go from a $125 mouth friendly bit to a cheap $23 jointed very mouth unfriendly snaffle D racing bit and he likes it. This one I've yet to figure.